.. index:: printing, strings, printing without spaces, spaces .. _printing-without-spaces: PRINTING WITHOUT SPACES ======================= It may not be immediately apparent to the new Forth programmer how to print without spaces between items. Examples -------- In this example the programmer wants the constant "ref1" to be printed with the character "V" immediately following, ie "10V". The common Forth print statement is used in Voltage1 Example Code below. :: .” Hello” ( - - ) Compiles a string and prints it when executed. Voltage1 Example Code ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ :: 10 constant ref1 : voltage1 ( -- ) ref1 . ." V" cr ; Voltage1 Output ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ :: voltage1 10 V As you can see there is a space between the "10" and the "V" which is *not* what was wanted. The behaviour of this print method is the correct and desired behaviour, so what do we do ? The Solution ------------ The solution is to use :ref:`Pictured Numerical Output` which can format a text string however one desires. Voltage2 Example Code ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ :: 10 constant ref1 : voltage2 ( -- ) ref1 0 <# #s #> type ." V" cr ; Voltage2 Output ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ :: voltage2 10V Explanation ----------- The word #S converts the value on the stack into ASCII characters. It will only produce as many digits as are necessary to represent the number; it will not produce leading zeroes. But it always produces at least one digit, which will be zero if the value was zero.